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Maddison Project Database 2023

Freeauth: noneCC-BY-4.0#global-macro#gdp#country-data#historical-data#files✓ verified Nov 9, 2026

Maddison Project Database 2023

Long-run comparative income estimates from the Groningen Growth and Development Centre, released as one Excel workbook and one Stata file on DataverseNL. The release page says: "The Maddison Project Database provides information on comparative economic growth and income levels over the very long run."

Required Attribution:

Required. The page gives the citation for this version: "MPD version 2023: Bolt, Jutta and Jan Luiten van Zanden (2024), \"Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update\", Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41. DOI: 10.1111/joes.12618". Original papers must also be cited for graphs and for subsets of fewer than twelve countries.

Coverage

"The 2023 version of this database covers 169 countries and the period up to 2022." The DataverseNL record for the release describes "new time series data on GDP per capita and population for 169 countries and aggregate regions from 1 AD up to 2022", published as mpd2023_web.xlsx and maddison2023_web.dta under doi:10.34894/INZBF2. Update cadence: Not stated; the 2023 release is the latest listed, and earlier releases (2020, 2018, 2013, 2010) stay published.

Verdict

Long-run GDP per capita and population estimates by country, as Excel and Stata downloads. The release page says: "Maddison Project Database, version 2023 by Jutta Bolt and Jan Luiten van Zanden is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." On top of the licence, the page sets citation rules: "All original papers must be cited when:" the data "is shown in any graphical form" or "subsets of the full dataset that include less than a dozen (12) countries are used for statistical analysis or any other purposes", and "When neither a) or b) apply, then the MPD as a whole should be cited." The page gives the version citation to use. Rate limits: Not applicable (downloads). Signal Lab links only.

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